被毒蛇咬要嘬血？这些野外“伪尝试”会让你死得更快！

当你野营时，遇到紧急情况应该如何处理？

被毒蛇咬要嘬血？
遇见熊装死？
动物能吃的食物证明人也能吃？

如果你真的相信这些伪常识，
那么可能会死的很惨！

今天就来科普一下，如果在野外发生意外情况，哪些做法能真的救命，让你方法让你“走”得更快。

 

1、用嘴把蛇毒嘬出来
You can suck the venom out of a snakebite.

If a bite delivers venom, it'll immediately enter the bloodstream. Putting your mouth on the bite will deliver extra bacteria to the wound and may simply get venom into your mouth and esophagus.

如果咬人者具有毒性，毒液会进入血液。若用嘴去吸被咬的地方会给伤口带来额外的细菌，还可能会让毒液进入你的口腔和食道。

If someone gets bitten, try to keep the person's heart rate low and hold the affected limb below heart level while getting to a hospital.

如果某人被咬了，要试图让他的心率降低，患肢要低于心脏的位置，同时送往医院就诊
venom  [ˈvɛnəm]
n. 毒液

bloodstream  [ˈblʌdˌstrim]
n. 血流

 

2、当被熊攻击时装死
Always play dead when you are attacked by a bear.

If you are out in the woods and you see a bear, the general advice is to quietly back away. If it's in your yard or around your campsite, make yourself large and loud, which hopefully will scare it off.

如果你在森林里看到一只熊，一般的建议是安静地走开。如果它在你的院子里，或者在你的营地周围，那么你需要制造一些希望能把它吓跑的响声。

But in the case of an actual attack, your reaction strategy should depend on the bear and on the type of attack. Never play dead if a black bear attacks — always fight back.

但在实际情况下，你的反应策略应该取决于熊的种类和它攻击的形式。如果是黑熊攻击你，千万不要装死——一定要还击。

In most cases, a brown or grizzly bear attacks to defend itself or its cubs. At these times it will warn you off by making noise and pretending to charge. Back away from a defensive attack slowly.

在大多数情况下，棕熊或灰熊会通过攻击来保护自己或它的幼崽。在这段时间里，它会发出噪音警告你，假装要采取行动。那么你需要慢慢地退后，然后撤离出这种威胁。

If the bear makes contact, play dead lying on your stomach with your hands over your neck. But in the rare case of a predatory attack, which comes with no warning (or if the bear seems to be stalking you), fight for your life.

如果熊与你发生了接触，那么你就趴在地上，双手抱着脖子卧下来装死吧。但如果出现罕见的情况如熊在掠食中，它不会给你任何警告（或者跟踪你），也就是说你需要为了活命而战了。
scare it off
吓跑

grizzly  ['grɪzlɪ]
n. 灰熊

predatory  [ˈpredətɔ:ri]
n. 掠食成性的

stalk  [stɔk]
v. 跟踪

 

3、丛林中迷路了需要立马寻找食物补给
You need to find a food supply immediately if you are lost in the wilderness.

Not even close. You can survive up to six weeks without food. The exact amount of time might vary, depending on starting point and other health issues, but water and shelter from the elements are far more important.

并非如此。没有食物的情况下你可以存活六周。具体的时间长短会根据起初状况和其他健康问题而有所不同，但水和避难所要重要得多。
Not even close.
差的远呢，才不是呢

vary  [ˈveri]
v. 变化

element  [ˈɛləmənt]
n. 要素

 

4、仙人掌液能帮你解渴
The fluid in a cactus can save you from dying of thirst.

If you're experienced enough to pick out the one kind of barrel cactus that you can filter water from safely, this may work.

如果你有足够的经验去挑选一种可以安全过滤水的桶形仙人掌，这可能会有用。

But most of the time, cactus fluid will make you sick, causing you to vomit up precious liquid and leaving you more dehydrated.

但是大多数时候，仙人掌的汁液会让你生病，引起呕吐，让你更加脱水。
barrel cactus
桶形仙人掌

filter  [ˈfɪltɚ]
v. 过滤

vomit  [ˈvɑ:mɪt]
v. 呕吐

dehydrated  [ˌdi:haɪ'dreɪtɪd]
adj. 脱水的

 

5、苔藓会长在树的北侧
Moss grows on the north side of a tree.

Moss can grow on all sides of a tree, depending on environmental conditions. Don't depend on this bit of folklore for navigation.

苔藓可以生长在树的各个方向，这取决于环境条件。所以不要依赖这些传说来判断方向。
moss  [mɔ:s]
n. 苔藓

navigation  [ˌnævɪˈɡeʃən]
n. 导航

 

6、动物能吃的东西，人也能吃
 If an animal eats something, it’s safe for you to eat it.

Birds and squirrels can eat certain berries and mushrooms that would kill a person.

鸟类和松鼠可以吃一些可以毒死人的浆果和蘑菇。

 

7、人冻伤时，可以把他放进热水或者揉擦加热
Rub someone's skin or put them in a hot tub to warm them up if they're freezing.

Rubbing frostbitten skin can damage it even more, and hot water can be shocking or damaging for someone dealing with frostbite and hypothermia.

摩擦冻伤的皮肤会对皮肤造成更大的伤害，用热水处理冻伤或冻僵的人也会对他们造成伤害。

You need to warm someone back up slowly, preferably with blankets and some warm water bottles under their armpits.

你需要让他慢慢暖和起来，比如给他们盖上毯子再放一些热水瓶。
rub  [rʌb]
v. 揉擦

frostbite  [ˈfrɔ:stbaɪt]
n. 冻伤

hypothermia  [ˌhaɪpəˈθɜ:rmiə]
n. 低体温

armpit  [ˈɑ:rmpɪt]
n. 腋窝

 

8、斜顶简易棚是的庇护所
 A lean-to is a great shelter.

The right shelter depends on surrounding conditions. In high heat you need shade, but in cooler climates, staying warm is a priority.

正确庇护所的样子要取决于周围的环境。在炎热的天气里，你需要阴凉的地方，但是在寒冷的天气里，保暖是最重要的。

This means protecting yourself from wind, but it also means building up a layer to insulate you from the cool ground at night. A lean-to might help protect from wind and the elements, but may not be enough to provide warmth.

这意味着你要保护自己免受风吹，同时也意味着要在晚上建一隔层，使自己不受寒冷的地面的影响。一座斜顶简易棚可能有助于抵御风雨，但可能不足以提供温暖。
shelter  [ˈʃɛltɚ]
n. 庇护所

insulate [ˈɪnsəleɪt]
v. 使隔离

lean-to
n. 斜顶简易棚