单选题是雅思听力Section 3中的常见题型,它对于目标冲刺6分以上的考生来说是听力考试中必须跨越的一座大山。
在做单选题时,大家会很容易遇到以下两种情况:
一、不够时间读完所有题目及选项,尤其当遇到较长选项时。
每一部分题目的读题时间仅有30秒,部分同学可能刚读完第二道题时,就开始听见"Now listen to the conversation and answer questions…"。这样考生很有可能由于未明确题目意图而慌乱答题。
解决办法:调整审题策略。
在日常的教学过程中发现,不少同学在完成Section 1的审题后就开始坐等听力材料播放,在后续每个Section的检查答案时间也会听从音频指示复查刚完成的答案。其实我们在没有第二次机会听取材料验证答案的情况下,只能检查名词单复数、动词三单等卷面格式问题。而在听力完整播放后的转移答案时间(10分钟)里,我们有足够的时间完成这一工作。
因此,建议大家充分利用Section1-2多余的审题时间以及检查答案时间,去预先完成后续Section 3-4中读题量较大部分的审题工作。比方说,在Section 1次的审题时间可以完成整个Section的读题,然后在同一Section的第二次的审题时间就可以重点完成Section 2的审题工作,以此类推。这样,我们很有可能在Section 1的检查答案时间,就完成了Section 3题干关键词的标记。
切记:合理利用Section1-2的空档时间,清晰理解后续题目意图。
二、从音频开始播放到结束,没有定位到任何信息,完美错过所有答案。
这时候的同学们可能只是听到了(hear)材料而没有带着目的去留心听(listen)。不少同学在开始听音频材料之后会不自觉地重复查看题目确认信息,而这种行为就是你没有集中精力听音频的佐证。因为同学们的重心投放在了题目的理解上,所以这时的听力材料对同学们来说就像音乐伴奏,导致大家抓不住信息点。
解决办法:带着重点听音频。
在听取信息的过程中不要过分执着于对题目的理解,在听力材料播放前只需做到:读题,划关键词,理解重点。当音频开始播放,需带着重点定位音频中的对应部分,理解句意,分析选项。为免受题目的干扰,甚至可以不看题目,等材料播放结束后再快速分析、选出正确选项。
然而,为了更有效地测试考生的听力能力,官方出题人不再只单纯直接地给出正确选项的对应句子,更多的时候会给出与干扰项项相似的句子,提高答题难度。针对这种现象,同学们可以利用以下的方法排除错误选项:
1.原文重现的选项。
经统计:Cambridge English IELTS 4-12中仅有不到10%题目的正确答案与原文表达一致,且仅常见于较简单的Section 1中;余下超过90%的题目,正确选项都不会跟听力材料使用相同表达,即会被同义替换,如:
23 Stewart expects that in the future libraries will
A.maintain in their traditional function
B.become centres for local communities
C.no longer contain any books
"TRUDIE: Mm. I expect the libraries will go on evolving in the next few years. Some have already become centres where community activities take place, like local clubs meeting there. I think that'll become even more common.
STEWART: I'd like to think so, and that they'll still be serving their traditional function, but I'm not so sure. There are financial implications, after all. What I'm afraid will happen is that books and magazines will all disappear, and there'll just be rows and rows of computers. They won't look anything like the libraries we're used to."
-- Test 5, Cambridge IELTS 12
此题重点提问Steward(男生)对于未来图书馆的看法,所以我们关注的重点会是听力材料中的男声。题中B选项"become centres for local communities",关键信息基本未被改写,但是由Trudie(女声)说出的;A选项"maintain in their traditional function"由男声说出,但Stewart所说的"and that they'll still serving their traditional function"是用以指出Trudie观点将会导致的状态,而非Steward本人的看法;C选项"no longer contain any books"与原文中"books and magazines will all disappear",且由男声 "what I'm afraid will happen"导出,由此可判定为正确选项。
2.并列词连接的两个选项。
无论是在填空类还是选择类题型中,雅思听力每一套题都会出现并列逻辑的考点,而常考的并列词包括and, or, with, as well以及also等。如:
20 The DVD will show
A.the young zoo animals
B.the history of the zoo
C.endangered animals.
"So, time now for the DVD. We've arranged for you to watch it, because as you know, the breeding and nursery facility is off-limit to the public for very good reasons. But we all want to see the zoo babies, don't we? This DVD as well as the books on exotic and endangered animals, and leaflets about the history of the zoo, are all available in the bookshop."
-- Academic Test 1, 《雅思考试官方指南》
题目提问DVD的主要内容。原文使用并列词(as well as和and)把题目关键词"DVD"以及对应选项B、C的内容进行串连;且原文中搭载"exotic and endangered animals"的媒介是"books"、搭载"the history of the zoo"的媒介是"leaflet(传单)"。因此,选项B和C皆被排除,正确选项为A。
3.听力原文直接否定的选项。
虽然略显理所应当,但雅思出题人用以否定的方式远不止是"not"这种初阶水平,还可能会出现如"B is better than A"作比较或其他更隐晦的表达去否定选项。
25 Beth recommends that James's paper should be
A.a historical overview of the genre
B.an in-depth analysis of a single writer
C.a study of the social background to the literature
"James: So what would you advise me to aim at in the paper?
Beth: First I suggest you avoid taking one writer and going into a great deal of detail. That approach certainly has its place, but I think you first need to get an understanding of the literature in the context of the society in which it was produced - who it was written for, how it was published, and so on. I also think that's more fruitful than placing it within history of the genre."
--Test 6, Cambridge IELTS 12
题目提问Beth(女生)建议James接下来应该做什么,所以重点要留意女声。女声说到"avoid(避免)"否定了B选项(an in-depth analysis of a single writer);且使用比较句式说出 C选项(原文对应an understanding of the literature in the context of the society)比A选项(原文对应placing it within history of the genre)更加富有成效(more fruitful)。因此,C为正确选项。