阅读诊疗室：你所不知道的阅读同替

阅读中的同义替换至关重要，想必烤鸭们都知道没有同义替换，阅读寸步难行，一提到同义替换，学生立马想到各种替换形式，换同义词，词性替换，语态替换，blablabla。。。。。。。，可还有些替换形式可能还不了解，原来套路还可以这么玩。

01、苹果水果版

其实种就是一个形象的小栗子，Apples and other fruits常见的变体是fruits，such as/including apples.

比如剑11中的一个填空题：
题目：20th century: …………and other manmade fibres cause decline in silk production

我们同种明显定位词20th century定位到出题句

原文：Then in the twentieth century, new manmade fibres, such as nylon, started to be used.

此时不用把句子看全，便知道所填的空是nylon，因为题目中的…… and other manmade fibres经常变成的形式为manmade fibres，such as……，所以一目了然。
 
再来看的剑12 上的一道题目：
题目：Activity in this part of the brain is associated with the expectation of ‘reward’ stimuli such as ……..

同样这道题目也是有明显定位词‘reward’，定位到即出答案，原文句子如下：

原文：What is rather more significant is the finding that the dopamine neurons in the caudate—a region of the brain involved in learning stimulus-response associations, and in anticipating food and other ‘reward’ stimuli—were at their most active around 15 seconds before the participants’ favorite moments in the music.

怎么会有那么长的句子？关键好多词汇不认识neuron？stimulus？ caudate？……Take it easy，不要着急，利用咱刚才讲的形式，只看形式不看意思，重点看的内容是food and other ‘reward’ stimuli，所以呢，答案为food，是不是很简单呢？此时，有木有感觉整个宇宙都是你的？

02、更最媲美版

题目中常出现的最，特别要引起注意，而且要期待文章中会出现比较级形式，二者进行同替（最替换比较级！），且看下例：

题目：The most probable development is that food will be grown on ………. in towns and cities.

高度警惕，因为此处有最最最，where is 比较级，文中出题句：原文：While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in the future, most experts currently believe it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available on urban rooftops.

看到possible不要着急填空，虽然possible 的确相当于题目中的probable，但是题目中是most probable，所以对应后面提到的比较级far more likely。一个栗子哪过瘾，再来一个。

One of the easiest qualities to acquire is ………..

非常简单的题干，可以根据quality定位，但是也万万不能忽略最，文中的出现qualifies的地方有很多，是哪一处呢？

处Positive psychologists have identified 24 qualities we admire, such as loyalty and kindness, and are studying them to find out why they come so naturally so some people.

第二处What they’re discovering is that many of these qualities amount to habitual behavior that determines the way we respond to the world.

第三处Some qualities are less challenging to develop than others, optimism is one of them.

很显然，第三处才是正确的定位处，答案为optimism。

掌握了这些，就算有不认识的词也不用害怕了呢，此时考的是眼神好嘛！

03、相似长相版

话说，这一部分就得看各位的眼力了，观察要仔细。
a.同样是………be done，doing sth
题目：A …….. is taken out, enabling Wheel to rotate.
原文：A hydraulic clamp, which prevents the arms of the Wheel moving while the gondola is docked, is removed, allowing the Wheel to turn.
简直一模一样，有木有，只不过文中的内容加了一些修饰性的东西迷惑大家。
b.同样是be to do
题目:The only hope was to tell the probe to replace them with ………
Be动词之后加to do的形式比较少见，所以当我们看到题目中有这种形式，就可以留意一下文中是不是会有一样或者类似的形式出现。
原文：The solution was to get a message to Voyager I to instruct it to use spares to change the failing parts.

04、时态一致版

细心的童鞋也会注意到时态的问题，题目和出题句对照来看，会更明显哦~
一篇讲埃及金字塔的文章：

题目：The discovery on one pyramid suggests that they may have experimented with …………

原文：Although it dates from several hundred years after the building of the pyramids, its sophistication suggests that the Egyptians might have been developing ideas of flight for a long time.

另一篇讲航海家拉皮塔人：
题目：Extreme climate conditions may have played a role in Lapita migration.

原文：EI Nino, the same climate disruption that affects the Pacific today, may have helped scatter the Lapita.

我们甚至可以根据时态的特殊性来定位哦，最常见的莫过于题目中的时态基调是过去时，而最后一题是现在时，比如人物传记类文章William HenryPerkin。

最后一题如下:
题目：According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?

而此题之上的五个题目的时态却是过去时，所以说文中出现现在时的地方才有可能是答案哦~
同理另一篇Stepwells中第八题如下：

Who are frequent visitors to stepwells nowadays？
大家应该知道从哪里找答案了吗？