同义替换要分这几类归纳，你知道嘛？

雅思阅读的替换有很多中类型，一种类型的替换会体现在不同的题型当中，这篇文章我们就列举一些比较典型的同义替换的类型并且分析一下各个替换类型在不同题型当中的体现。

A. 近义词替换

Construct／Manufacture／Build
对应题目C11P48第22题summary填空题

题目：When the islanders were no longer able to build the______they needed to go fishing.

原文：As trees became scarce and they could no longer construct wooden canoes for fishing, they ate birds.

解析：construct替换了题目当中的build，构成了动宾结构，因此我们要填的是canoes
 

Assemble／Compose／Put together
对应题目C11P23第16题判断题

题目：The Falkirk Wheel was initially put together at the location where its components were manufactured.

原文：The various parts of The Falkirk Wheel were all constructed and assembled , like one giant toy building set, at Butterley Engineering's Steelworks in Derbyshire.

解析：这个题目考点其实是零部件生产和组装是否在同一个地方，但是需要同学们能看懂Assemble和put together这一组替换。

B. 主被动替换

A used B／B was used by A
对应题目：C11P24第26

题目：______raise boat 11m to level of Union Canal
原文：The remaining 11 meters of lift needed to reach the Union Canal is achieved by means of a pair of locks.
 
题目译文：水闸把船抬起了11米，到达了联合运河的高度。

原文译文：到达联合运河所剩11米起吊距离被一对水闸所完成。
 
答案：Locks

C. 上下义替换

上义词是宽泛的词，下义词是具体的词。
比如Flower的下义词可能是Rose.
Natural phenomenon／Volcanic explosion
对应题目：C11P27第27题段落信息匹配题

题目：mention of a gel-engineering project based on an earlier natural phenomenon

原文：The idea is modelled on historic volcanic explosions.
 
答案：D段
 

对应题目：C11P20第11题
Climate change／Flood／Drought

题目：Some damage to food crops is caused by climate change.

原文：Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.
 
注意：判断题定位词经常会出现定位词是上义词，原文当中替换成下义词的情况，所以同学们在定位的时候也要有定位词会被替换掉的意识。
 
答案：True
 

对应题目：C11P43第4题判断题
Historical objects／Beautifully preserved artifacts

题目：Alexander McKee knew that the wreck would contain many valuable historical objects.

原文：McKee and his team now knew for certain that they had found the wreck, but were yet unaware that it also housed a treasure trove of beautifully preserved artifacts.
 
解析：这个题目的判断题是人们是否知道这个乘船包含了很多有价值的历史文物。但是定位词historical objects被替换成artifacts也算是一个小小的考点。
 
答案：F

D. 反义替换

对应题目：C10P28第32题
Avoid risk/play it safe
解析：“避免风险”替换“保持安全”

题目：At times of change, people tend to
原文：When things change, we are hard-wired to play it safe.
 
答案：E
E. 抽象到具体

经常出现在Heading／Matching当中
对应题目：C10P41第2题

题目：Viii Conditions required for industrialization

原文：Market-driven economy／Political system／Cheap labor
答案：B段
 
解析：在看到Heading当中出现了抽象关键词复数的时候，文章当中通常会出现列举的内容，如果看不懂内容也可注意一下标点符号，通常会出现有很多逗号的长句。