雅思阅读真题解析-剑16Test1Passage3-The future of work人名-观点配对题

雅思阅读真题解析-剑16Test1Passage3-The future of work人名-观点配对题

整体分析

Q27-30段落信息配对题，Q28-30单选题，Q31-34是摘要选择题，Q35-40 人名观点配对题。我们先做人名观点，再做摘要选择题，再做单选题，最后做段落信息题。

人名-观点配对题

NB You may use any letter more than once.

35Greater levels of automation will not result in lower employment.

36There are several reasons why Al is appealing to businesses.

37Al’s potential to transform people’s lives has parallels with major cultural shifts which occurred in previous eras.

38It is important to be aware of the range of problems that Al causes.

39People are going to follow a less conventional career path than in the past.

40Authorities should take measures to ensure that there will be adequately paid work for everyone.

List of people

AStella Pachidi

BHamish Low

CEwan McGaughey

题干有6道，人名有三个，所以一个人应该选两次（除非是特殊情况）。

分析

我们先在题干中划关键词：

35Greater levels of automation will not result in lower employment.

这句话里可以划关键词的有automation，not和lower employment。

36There are several reasons why Al is appealing to businesses.

这句话里可以划关键词的有several reasons（在原文中对应具体原因之间的并列）和AI。

37Al’s potential to transform people’s lives has parallels with major cultural shifts which occurred in previous eras.

这句话里可以划关键词的有people’s lives和major cultural shifts。

38It is important to be aware of the range of problems that Al causes.

这句话里可以划关键词的有aware, problems（一般指的是不好的问题）和AI。

39People are going to follow a less conventional career path than in the past.

这句话里可以划关键词的有less...than（要有比较内容）和career。

40Authorities should take measures to ensure that there will be adequately paid work for everyone.

这句话里可以划关键词的有authorities和paid（要有跟金钱相关的内容）

答案

2 Dr Stella Pachidifrom Cambridge Judge Business School believes that some of the most fundamental changes are happening as a result of the ‘algorithmication’of jobs that are dependent on data rather than on production - the so-called knowledge economy. Algorithms are capable of learning from data to undertake tasks that previously needed human judgement, such as reading legal contracts, analysing medical scans and gathering market intelligence.

第2段出现的是A选项对应的人，这个人所在的句子里可以划为关键词的有fundamental changes ，‘algorithmication’ 和jobs 。不难发现37题中的major shifts对应fundamental changes。但这段中没有跟cultural 和比较，所以37题目前还不能选A。

3‘In many cases, they can outperform humans,’says Pachidi. ‘Organisations are attracted to using algorithms because they want to make choices based  on what they consider is “perfect information”, as well as to reduce costs and enhance productivity.’

第3段还是A选项中的人相关的信息，这句话可以划关键词的有humans, organisations, perfect information as well as to reduce costs and enhance productivity。不难发现，这句中出现了并列的短语，这句话的主语是organisations。我们带着这些信息找相关的题干。36题中的several reasons可以对应并列结构，appealing 【吸引人的】对应原文中的are attracted to【被吸引】，题干中的businesses对应原文中的organisations。所以36题选A。

4‘‘But these enhancements are not without consequences,’says Pachidi. ‘If routine cognitive tasks are taken over by AI, how do professions develop their future experts?’she asks. ‘One way of learning about a job is “legitimate peripheral participation”- a novice stands next to experts and learns by observation. If this isn’t happening, then you need to find new ways to learn.’

第四段又出现了A选项中的人，而且这段是But开头的，说明内容跟上一段讲的是AI吸引人的地方，说明这一段讲的是AI的缺点。往下看第5，6段可以发现每一段都说了一个AI的缺点，这三段中讲述的AI的缺点都是A选项中的人说的。第8段结尾A选项中的人进行总结，‘We need to make sure we fully understand the dilemmas that this new world raises regarding expertise, occupational boundaries and control.’这句中的need to make sure we fully understand对应38题中的It is important to be aware of,所以38题答案选A。

9 Economist Professor Hamish Low believes that the future of work will involve major transitions across the whole life course for everyone: ‘The traditional trajectory of full-time education followed by full-time work followed by a pensioned retirement is a thing of the past,’says Low. Instead, he envisages a multistage employment life: one where retraining happens across the life course, and where multiple jobs and no job happen by choice at different stages.

这段出现的是B选项对应的人，引号了可以划关键词的有traditional trajectory, a thing of the past, instead。这里从instead可以看出，这个专家拿过去的和将来的进行比较，题干中有39题的than in the past 对应原文中的a thing of the past加instead。题干中的less conventional career path【没那么传统的职业选择】对应第二句话的multistage employment life【多步骤职业生涯】，冒号后边是解释，不用看，所以39题选B。

10On the subject of job losses, Low believes the predictions are founded on a fallacy: ‘It assumes that the number of jobs is fixed. If in 30 years, half of 100 jobs are being carried out by robots, that doesn’t mean we are left with just 50 jobs for humans. The number of jobs will increase: we would expect there to be 150 jobs.’

这段中讲的是job，跟35题中的employment。第二句中的jobs are being carried out by robots对应35题中的35Greater levels of automation ，第二句总的that doesn’t mean we are left with just 50jobs对应35题中的will not result in lower employment，所以35题选B。

11Dr Ewan McGaughey, at Cambridge’s Centre for Business Research and King’s College London, agrees that ‘apocalyptic’views about the future of work are misguided. ‘It’s the laws that restrict the supply of capital to the job market, not the advent of new technologies that causes unemployment.’

这段中出现了C选项中的人，这里的laws, capital 和job market跟40题有点关系，但是又没有直接对应，所以先跳过。

12His recently published research answers the question of whether automation, AI and robotics will mean a ‘jobless future’by looking at the causes of unemployment. ‘History is clear that change can mean redundancies. But social policies can tackle this through retraining and redeployment.

这段中最后一句的social policies也是跟40题相关，但也不是直接对应，先跳过。

13He adds: ‘If there is going to be change to jobs as a result of AI and robotics then I’d like to see governments seizing the opportunity to improve policy to enforce good job security. We can “reprogramme”the law to prepare for a fairer future of work and leisure.’McGaughey’s findings are a call to arms to leaders of organisations, governments and banks to pre-empt the coming changes with bold new policies that guarantee full employment, fair incomes and a thriving economic democracy.

这段中的第 一句I’d like to see governments对应40题中的40Authorities should take measures， 这段最后一句又出现了governments, 这句中的guarantee对应40题中的ensure， 这句中的fair incomes对应40题中的adequately paid work， 所以40题选C。

14‘The promises of these new technologies are astounding. They deliver humankind the capacity to live in a way that nobody could have once imagined,’he adds. ‘Just as the industrial revolution brought people past subsistence agriculture, and the corporate revolution enabled mass production, a third revolution has been pronounced. But it will not only be one of technology. The next revolution will be social.’

这段中的he也是C选项中的人。这段第二句中有just as【就像】，有类比的有37题中的has parallels with 【有相似之处】这里拿industrial revolution和a third revolution【第三次工业革命，即信息革命】比较，最后一句话说的revolution will be social【这将是社会性的革命】对应37题中的cultural shifts【文化的改变】，所以37题选C。

选过选项后发现，每个人都各选了两次，跟我们的预期一样，没有出现一个人选3次的情况，但这几道题难度还是有的。