上篇我们讨论了单词及数字之间的同义转换，下面我们继续看其他种类的同义转换：
(6)短语之间的同义转换
六级听力考试中常见的短语同义转换有名词和动词短语之间的转换，具体例题如下：
2019年6月第1套：
19. A) People’s envy of slim models. B) People’s craze for good health.
C) The increasing range of fancy products. D) The great variety of slimming products.
Q: What overwhelms the speaker when she buys her summer outfits each year?
原文：
I’m overwhelmed with a wide range of different slimming products each year.
2019年12月第1套：
20. A) They can distinguish a happy tune from a sad one.
B) They love happy melodies more than sad ones.
C) They fall asleep easily while listening to music.
D) They are already sensitive to beats and rhythms.
Q: What does the second study find about nine-month-old babies?
原文：
But for the nine-month-olds, it was enough to renew their interest and they started looking again in the direction of the face. This suggests that babies of that age can tell the difference between a happy melody and a sad tune.
2018年6月第1套
7. A)They are a healthy choice for elderly people.
B) They are especially popular among Italians.
C) They symbolize good health and longevity.
D) They go well with different kinds of food.
Q: Why does the woman recommend red wines?
原文：
I would say the safest option is always a red wine. They are generally more popular than whites, and can usually be paired with food more easily.
以上三道真题中，第 一题是名词短语的替换，a great variety of 和a wide range of 都有“各种个样的”含义；后两道题考察的是动词短语，distinguish from 和tell the difference between都有“区分”的含义；go well with和be paired with都有“匹配”的意思。
(7)词与短语之间的同义转换
即某个词和某个短语具有类似含义，例题如下：
2019年12月第1套：
18. A) Wood was harmonious with nature.
B) Wooden buildings kept the cold out.
C) Timber was abundant in Scandinavia.
D) The Vikings liked wooden structures.
Q: Why were the Viking churches constructed from wood?
原文：
The reason for constructing the buildings from wood is probably that ideally proportioned
straight and slender timber was available in large quantities in Scandinavia’s vast pine forests.
选项C中形容词abundant对应原文中短语large quantities,其都有“丰富的，大量的”的
含义，同义词有:luxuriant, lavish, affluent, ample，a mass of, large numbers of, plentiful, vast,
等，那么对应的表示“短缺”的词汇笔者也总结了：shortage, be short of, lack, a lack of,
deficit, insufficient, inadequate, not enough, scarcity等。
2019年12月第2套：
17. A) It was defective.
B) It was misguided.
C) It was original in design.
D) It was thought-provoking.
Q: What does the speaker say about one study mentioned in the 2008 review?
原文：
But, according to a 2008 review, only one study that followed this design found that
students actually learned best with their preferred style. But the study had some big flaws.
选项A中defective对应原文big flaws,表示优缺点的词汇有很多，这里总结了常见同义
词考点：表“优点，好处”的词汇有：advantage, benefit, merit, strength, good sides, virtue,
superiority, asset, edge等；表“缺点，弊端”的词汇有：disadvantage, drawback, demerit，
weakness, negative sides, , defect, vice, deficiency, shortcoming, fault, flaw等。
2019年12月第2套：
24. A) The municipal government kept changing hands.
B) The construction firm breached the contract.
C) Shortage of funding delayed is construction.
D) Problems of different kinds kept popping up.
Q: Why did Berlin postpone the opening of its dream airport again and again?
原文：
It wasn’t just the smoke system: many other major problems subsequently emerged.
选项B中的动词短语pop up 对应原文中的动词emerge,其都有“出现”的含义，表示“出现，浮现”的词汇还有：appear, arise, rise, occur, grow, turn up, come out 等。
(8)肯定与否定词之间的同义转换
这种同义转换分为两种：
1）原词=not+原词的反义词， 如： beautiful= not ugly
2）双重否定=肯定，如：not negative=positive
具体例题如下：
2017年6月第2套：
12. A) Better quality of consumer goods.
B) Higher employment and wages.
C) Greater varieties of commodities.
D) People having more leisure time.
Q: What is said to account for the increased number of shoppers?
原文：
Economists Gus Faucher said lower unemployment and rising wages could give Americans more money to spend.
2019年6月第2套：
3. A) She was not an outgoing person.
B) She was modest and hardworking.
C) She was easygoing on the whole.
D) She was usually not very optimistic.
Q: What do we learn about Audrey Hepburn in real life?
原文：
Her character in that film is very outgoing and charming, even though in real life, Audrey always described herself as shy and quiet.
2017年12月第2套：
19. A)They do more harm than good.
B) They have often been ignored.
C) They do not help build friendship.
D) They may not always be negative.
Q: What does the speaker say about stereotypes?
原文：
“Stereotype” may sound like a bad word, but there’s nothing bad about it. For one thing, stereotypes are often accurate. When you ask people about their concept of stereotypes, they get it pretty much right. Also, stereotypes are often positive, particularly of groups that we ourselves belong to.
第 一道例题中higher employment对应原文lower unemployment, 这里需要综合理解，高的就业率，即低的失业率；第二题中not outgoing对应shy; 第三道题中not negative对应原文中的nothing bad和positive。
(9)上下义之间的同义转换
上义词是对事物的概括性、抽象性说明；下义词是事物的具体表现形式或更为具体的说
明，如animal是上义词，那么cat, dog, mouse等就是下义词，具体例题如下：
2017年12月第1套：
18. A)The qualifications you have. B)The pay you are going to get.
C)The culture of your target company. D) The work environment you will be in.
Q: What should you think about when you look for the right job according to the Australian
website?
原文：
So how do you start? Begin by asking yourself some questions, Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences: Have you travelled overseas? Do you have any extra certificates besides your degree, such as a first aid license for example?
此题中选项A中qualification就属于上义词，原文中对应的life experiences, travelled overseas, extra certificates, first aid license就是下义词。
2019年12月第2套：
15. A) It is environmentally friendly.
B) It is a promising industry.
C) It requires new technology.
D) It saves huge amounts of labor.
Q: What does the passage say about insect farming?
原文：
Unlike the production of meat, bugs do not use up large amounts of land, water or feed. And insect farming also produce far fewer greenhouse gases.
此题选项A中environmentally friendly 属于上义词，对应原文中下义词：do not use up large amounts of land, water or feed(use fewer resources)和produce fewer greenhouse gases；
使用更少的土地，水和饲料；产生更少的温室气体，都属于环境友好的要素之一。
这种上下义词之间的同义转换近几年考察的不是特别多，但在今后的六级考试中还是有可能出现的，所以我们也有必要了解并掌握。
(10)语境的同义转换
这里语境的同义转换包括句子间和上下文之间的同义转换，例题如下：
2018年6月第1套：
23. A) Neither of them has any brothers or sisters.
B) Neither of them won their parents’ favor.
C) They weren’t spoiled in their childhood.
D) They didn’t like to be the apple of their parents’ eyes.
Q: What do we learn about Ronald and Lois?
原文：
Ronald and Lois are only children.
2019年6月第2套：
21. A) It might have been hotter than it is today.
B) It might have been a cozy habitat for life.
C) It used to have more water than Earth.
D) It used to be covered with rainforests.
Q: What information did Russian and American space probes provide about Venus?
原文：
Russian and American spacecraft also find hints that its ancient climate might have been wetter, cooler, and possibly even friendly to life.
2017年12月第2套：
18. A) When their children grow up and leave home.
B) When they have saved enough for retirement.
C) When their family move to a different place.
D) When they have found better-paying jobs.
Q: When should one change their life insurance?
原文：
As the children become financially independent of the family, the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.
2018年12月第1套：
9. A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.
B) The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland.
C) The unusual cold spell in the Arctic area in October.
D) The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day.
Q: What did climate scientists describe as stunning?
原文：
On February 20, the temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degrees Celsius and it stayed there for over 24hours. Then on February 24, the temperature on Greenland’s northern tip reached six degree Celsius. Climate scientists described the phenomenon as “stunning”.
从以上例题选项及听力原文可以看出，前三题是句子间的同义转换，最后一题是语境之间的同义转换，不管是哪一种，我们都要理解句子及语境的含义，这样就不难选出答案了。
综上所述，六级听力中考察的同义转换类型变幻多样，因此平时要注意总结归纳同义词这也是确保听力部分获得高分的关键。
