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剑桥雅思真题11Test1阅读P1-Crop-growing skyscrapers

By the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earths population will live in urban centres. Applying the most conservative} estimates to current demographic trends, tho human population will increase by about throo billion people by then. An estimated 1()9 hoctarcs of now land (about 20% larger than Brazil) will bo nooded Lo grow enough food to food thorn, if traditional farming methods continue as they ar(3 practised today. At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices. What can be done to ensure enough food for the world's population to live on?

The concept of indoor farming is not new, since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time. What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people. Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required, employing cutting-edge technologies. One such proposal is for the 'Vertical Farm*.

The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops arc grown in environmentally controllod conditions. Situated in the heart of urban centres, they would drastically roduco tho amount of transportation required lo brijig food to consumors. Vortical i'arms would nood to bo offic'itml, cli(;ap lo cnnslruct and safe to operate. If successfully implomonUid, propononts claim, vtirlical farms offer tlio promise of urban ronovval, sustainabln production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have boen sacrificed for horizontal farming.

It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted. Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts. Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically in cities. This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food
bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year. However, more often than not now, due to a rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens. Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.

The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages for the system. For instance, crops would be produced all year round, as they would be kept in artificially controlled, optimum growing conditions. There would be no weather-related crop failures duo to droughts, floods or pests. All the food could be grown organically, oliminating the nood for herbicides, posticidos and fertilisors. r['he system would greatly reduce tho incidence of many infectious diseases that arc acquired at tho agricultural interface. Although the system would consume energy, it would return energy to the grid via methane generation from composting nonedible parts of plants. It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping.

A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light. Without it, those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system. Singlestorey greenhouses have the benefit of natural overhead light： even so, many still need artificial lighting.

A multi-storey facility with no natural overhead light would require far more. Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable energy is available, and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future.

One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rails. Moving the trays allows the plants to get enough sunlight. This system is already in operation, and works well within a singlo-storey greonhouso with light reaching it from abovo： it is not certain, however, that it can b(5 made to work without that overhead natural light.
Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems that we face in producing enough food for a growing population. At the moment, though, more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment, particularly as regards the use of energy. While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future, most experts currently believe it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available on urban rooftops.
 

剑桥雅思真题11Test1阅读P1-Crop-growing skyscrapers题目：

Questions 1-7

Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet
Indoor farming
1 Some food plants, including...................... , are already grown indoors.
2 Vertical farms would be located in......................... meaning that there would be less need to take them long distances to customers.
3 Vertical farms could use methane from plants and animals to produce................................
4 The consumption of..................... would be cut because agricultural vehicles would be unnecessary.
5 The fact that vertical farms would need......................... light is a disadvantage.
6 One form of vertical farming involves planting in.......................... which are not fixed.
7 The most probable development is that food will be grown on............................ in towns and cities.

Questions 8-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
8 Methods for predicting the Earth's population have recently changed.
9 Human beings are responsible for some of the destruction to food-producing land.
10 The crops produced in vertical farms wilt depend on the season.
11 Some damage to food crops is caused by climate change.
12 Fertilisers will be needed for certain crops in vertical farms.
13 Vertical farming will make plants less likely to be affected by infectious diseases.
 
剑桥雅思真题11Test1阅读P1-Crop-growing skyscrapers答案及解析
当我们读完了第二段的时候，我们马上在记忆最清晰的时候，来看看题目，第二段的确是开始讲到了indoor farming了。
我们先从头到尾的把所有的13题目都看一遍，
从关键词可发现，我们是可以完成题和第二题的，
1. some food plants， including_________ , are already grown indoors.
2. Vertical farms would be located in _________________, meaning that there would be less need to take them long distances to customers.
当我们读懂了第二段，再读懂题目，就可以很轻松的完成填空，但是在填空之前，需要看清楚题目要求，题目是需要 no more than two words，不能超过两个单词的，这个细节要注意。

1. some food plants，including_________ , are already grown indoors.
答案：tomatoes
答案位置：
第二段句：
The concept of indoor farming is not new,
since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time.
虽然只有一个句号，其实是两句话：
个半句：
The concept of indoor farming is not new,
这句话很容易理解： 室内农作的概念并非新的。
since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time.

这半句话是对上半句的解释：
因为温室生产出来的西红柿，以及其余的作物，都曾经一段时间内，风靡一时。
题目和原文的同义替换对照：
题目：are already grown indoors.
原文：has been in vogue for some time.
题目：some food plants，including_________
原文：hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce
 
2. Vertical farms would be located in _________________, meaning that there would be less need to take them long distances to customers.
这一题很简单，只需要有足够的词汇量以及基本的理解能力就好了。只要可以看得懂原文和题目即可：
答案： urban centres
答案位置：
第二段第六句：
Situated in the heart of urban centers, they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers.

这句话继续展开讲垂直农场的位置安放。
这句话也有一个逗号
Situated in the heart of urban centers,
这半句补充完整应该是：
They are situated in the heart of urban centers,
他们被放置在，市中心的心脏地区。
接下来就解释了为什么：
they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers.

因为这样可以大量减少运送量。
它们(垂直农场)可以大大减少将食物送到消费者手中所需要的运送量。
Vertical farms would be located in _________________, meaning that there would be less need to take them long distances to customers.
题目和原文的同义替换对照：
题目：Vertical farms would be located in _________________,
原文：Situated in the heart of urban centers,
题目： less need to take them long distances to customers.
原文： drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers.
所以把原文读懂了，题目读懂了，深入的理解了，就可以做对题目。
但是原文读懂这几个简单的字背后，是需要付出巨大的努力，需要大量的阅读积累和单词积累。